Each gambler places four bets, but their strategies are different, as explained below. The advantage of this strategy is intuitive. This strategy also requires you to double your bet after a loss and also add 1 unit to it. Players will then bet AGAINST that streak based on the theory, the longer the streak, the more likely the. When it comes to applying the Martingale System to Roulette, the player would bet on either black or red, outside sets, or pairs. The Ideal Option for a. The Martingale betting system is one of the most widely used strategies in roulette. Say you start with a $1 bet on red and the ball lands on black. Is the Roulette Martingale Strategy Worth It? Pros. It also gives you a good statistical probability of scoring a victory. This CSGO Roulette system is one of the oldest and most popular. Steer clear of the high-risk Martingale Strategy. I've used multiple gaming sites and been to dozens of casinos and have never seen 7 or 8 of one color in a row, but it's happened 3 times in 2 days on. The Martingale System. One of the advantages of the Martingale roulette system is that it’s incredibly easy to understand. The martingale roulette calculator is a specialized tool used to implement the martingale betting system in the game of roulette. The Martingale strategy is a very simple strategy that can really bump up your odds. However, unlike the traditional Fibonacci strategy, the Reverse system involves decreasing bets. Some bettors use it without even realizing it. The Martingale Roulette Strategy. 6%. This is the "strategy" used by a majority of roulette players, often without even realizing it. , red/black) is slightly less than 50% due to the green zero (in European Roulette) or the additional double zero (in American Roulette). Betting groups are logically similar, even if they cover different numbers. When it comes to applying the Martingale System to Roulette, the player would bet on either black or red, outside sets, or pairs. Example. You keep betting that. The supposed optimal martingale strategy is to use it to boost your bankroll a bit, then to go use the extra money you just made, putting your bankroll back in your pocket to play something else, or to play differently. Let’s say we are betting on red or black. Chernyshov. Roulette strategies fall into two main categories: progressive betting strategies and non-progressive betting strategies. 28; The Classic Martingale strategy tends to do better on average, but only slightly. The Martingale system is a popular betting strategy that tells you how much to wager on casino games such as blackjack, roulette, and baccarat. After this process, you go back to the initial bet amount. It joins other popular strategies players invented in the hope of winning more for their bets. The player would win if the coin fell on, say, heads and lose for tails. Yet, anyone who applies this strategy successfully must have an. The martingale system is as follows: You should start with a small amount, for instance, 1€, and keep making the same bet until you lose. What is the 666 algorithm strategy in roulette?Martingale strategy for roulette. 2. Paul Wilson On: Why The Martingale System Doesn’t Work. -Repeat your bets after a win, or revert back to your original bet if you win after a sequence of losses. You won 4$, and you are 1. THE MARTINGALE STRATEGY IN ACTION. Reverse Martingale Strategy; Progressive Bet Strategy; Basics of the Constant Bet roulette strategy. It is easy for studen ts to b elieve the MartingaleThe Anti-Martingale Strategy – Step-by-Step. For high. There is also a different variation of the Martingale, called The Grand Martingale. Learn the pros and cons, how to play, and how to compare it with the reverse Paroli system. The Martingale system quickly became a go-to approach for recreational punters as it was a straightforward and seemingly rational strategy. For this strategy, you start by wagering the table minimum on a 50/50 outside bet. However, it is only used on outside bets, providing about a 50% chance of winning. If it comes up red, then your stake is lost. Here's yet another exclusive from Easy Vegas: a computer simulation that plays the Martingale Betting System until it runs out of money, so you can (1) see how the Martingale works, and (2) see how long you might go before a bust. The main aim is to give yourself a better chance of. In effect, all you need to do is double the size of your previous bet until you win. This is where the martingale strategy comes in: After every win: Reset the wager w w to some base wager n n. The Fibonacci roulette strategy is a progressive betting system that is considered to be safer than others such as the Martingale. The strategy splits your bets across three distinct areas on the roulette table. But does Paroli work, how do you implement it, and is it any better than the standard Martingale system?The roulette table is the best game for Martingale. Another variation of a popular roulette strategy is the Inverse Martingale or Paroli. As you can see the loss is quite large and the win is quite small. Ever since the first roulette wheels hit the casinos of France in the late 18th century, players have been trying to come up with ways to beat the game. The Martingale Roulette System: Explained. g. Using the same scenario with the same €1,000 bankroll, after losing the first two spins, instead of jumping to a €40 bet, use a €30 bet. Martingale. So, by using the same betting strategy as you might for 50/50 bets, you are likely to lose quickly; you cannot possibly expect to win enough times to make any money. 60% thanks to the foul zero; otherwise, they would be exactly 50%. The Martingale Roulette Strategy This is the simplest and most popular betting system for casino games with even money payouts, but not really useful for casino games like slots. Here's a sneak peek of r/problemgambling using the top posts of the year! #1: I lost $500 this morning, and so happy. The system is perfect for short-term betting sessions, offering good chances to recover losses. Correct. . For those who are unfamiliar with the classic Martingale, it is a simple double your stake after each losing bet strategy. The Martingale Roulette Strategy presents as one of the most popular betting systems of all. While a win with this won’t actually net you any profit, you will return. It's just more exciting to me and you win/lose bigger. Not only have we gone through every bet, we have tables showing the overall loss at each stage and. If I lose a $2000 bet I stop. I play the martingale system with a twist - on lanes 1-2-3. Roulette is one of the most exciting games on the planet. When a winning bet takes place, you are guaranteed to recover all your losses plus your initial bet. With the Martingale System, you double your stake every time you lose a bet. For this strategy, you start by wagering the table minimum on a 50/50 outside bet. How does the Martingale strategy work? It’s simple: you make even money bets, and when you lose, you double. The Martingale Roulette Strategy This is the simplest and most popular betting system for casino games with even money payouts, but not really useful for casino games like slots. The Fibonacci roulette strategy is another popular one, which involves using a specific betting progression based on the. Still, we suggest you try several different approaches until you find one that suits you the most. Make this a realistic number that won’t stretch your bankroll too much. This stops you from losing huge sums of money. The Martingale roulette system is a popular betting strategy that involves doubling your bet after each loss in an effort to recoup your losses and turn a profit. -You can switch your bets between columns and dozens if you like to mix it up a bit. Make your bet: You’ll then place a bet, and if it wins, double the stake. As mentioned previously, the martingale system is commonly used for Roulette. The game consists of a spinning wheel with numbered pockets and a small ball. A win on a number moves you back down the sequence. You have 11 and want to double down to maximize your profits. It is commonly used on Red or Black but it can be applied all over the table if you have the correct progression. The system is. You can bet on red or black, odd or even, or the 1-18 or 19-36 number groups. The only way to have a long-term expectation of profit is to make positive expectation bets, say by counting cards in blackjack and betting when the remaining composition has excess tens. Therefore, if we find a strategy that is a sub-martingale or such a positively valued martingale, we can, on average, win money. Assume that you have $10 to wager, starting with the first wager of $1. 3. With a simple betting strategy of picking just black or red, then doubling up if you lose, it appears that using the Martingale system at the roulette table is a pretty good way to win. You won 2$, and you are 1$ richer. Example: You bet ₹10 and lose. Strategy Overview & Analysis. Your Balance:The Martingale roulette strategy has been used by gamblers for centuries. A roulette strategy has one aim and one aim only: to win. The technique [Martingale strategy for Roulette] Recommendation The basics Stakes Evaluation of 250 spins 250 spin results Comments. By following the anti-martingale, Frank bets $20 and wins; for the second trade, he bets $40 and wins again. there are still things it can teach us about the nature of betting. This Roulette red black strategy is often associated with a high risk. It reverses the martingale strategy. Fisher Roulette Strategy. If you come out ahead on larger bets, then you can reduce the size of your bets to try to stay in the game longer. Each roulette strategy works for both land-based and online casino games. The Anti-Martingale is generally played on even money bets. A trader. Disadvantages of Martingale Roulette Strategy. You double your bet on losses until you win. It closes losing trades, and doubles winners. . The rules are simple: place your bet, spin the wheel, and hope that fortune is smiling down on you. When playing on Martingale, it creates the deceptive impression of quick and easy wins. 2nd Throw = 50% + (first throw * 50%) = 75%. That's less than 1 half of 1%. Scenario 2. The system may appear a little riskier than Martingale, but here is the plot twist – it really isn’t. R. With a few tweaks, you can give yourself an extra hand to play and therefore more chance of success. I read your topic in Roulette on the Martingale method. The roulette D’Alembert method is said to be much safer than the more famous Martingale strategy. However, a sense of urgency tends to begin when a run of ten. The martingale scheme never changes the odds. A good strategy to apply on an American Roulette table (or basically any Roulette table) is the so-called Martingale Strategy. But this is not so. The struggle to beat roulette over the history of gambling has led to the conception of all sorts of betting strategies or systems, and in this exercise, simple players and game theorists were…Two reasons: On roulette, you don't actually win 50% of the time. At the casino near. In essence, the Martingale strategy involves doubling down on your wagers. The Martingale roulette strategy was the first one I ever tried, and it’s probably the best-known of them all. Of course, this is assuming that their base wagers are in line with their bankrolls. This strategy is based on the idea that by carefully selecting your bets and managing your bankroll, you can. It’s. Conclusion We’ve tested multiple strategies and have seen that it is not going to be possible to beat roulette in the long term, but it is possible to extend the time that you’re. A lot of players have claimed that the system is not in any way frustrating, and keeps up their positive attitude even in the unfortunate case of losing – facts that are pretty unimaginable for the Paroli’s counterpart system, the even more popular Martingale strategy. We w. The Golden Eagle Roulette Strategy has a low buy. THE MARTINGALE STRATEGY IN ACTION. If you staked $5 and lost, you must wager $15 (($5×2) +$5), then $35 in the next session. You bet 1$ on red. For example, you can play the roulette and bet on the red. Imagine yourself at a roulette table, Martingale strategy in mind, ready to place your bets. e you 2x for betting red, when there is 18/37 or 18/38 chance of it happening because 0 and 00. Martingale Strategy. The odds of it happening twice within 15 minutes are 0. Martingale is a good strategy to make money over the short run, and a guaranteed bankruptcy over the long run. Roulette Betting Strategy Tips for Beginners. . The Martingale Strategy;. The Martingale is one of the most popular and recognised Roulette strategies used today and is very simple. This player would like to walk away with at least $1,000. Martingale is a very famous "100% win" strategy. The problem with using Martingale in blackjack is that you have other factors in play. The Martingale staking plan comes from the world of casino gambling, and in particular the game of roulette. A win on a number moves you back down the sequence two. Each session is 100 rolls whether I'm up to or down - unless a $2,000 loss, at which time I stop regardless of winnings or losses. The Martingale strategy is a well-known betting method. This is because roulette offers a simple and easy-to-understand betting system. How work the Martingale strategy in the roulette? To play the Martingale Strategy at the roulette table, there are 3 fundamental steps: Choose the. Therefore, the strategy is usually modified before it is applied to stock markets. Martingale System in Roulette. The Martingale roulette strategy particularly falters because of the betting limits at each table. The simplest Martingale strategy was designed for the coin game heads or tails. Head to the games lobby of your chosen online casino and select the roulette variant you want to play. You can play American Roulette at the best NJ online casinos for as little as $0. Roulette players using the Martingale strategy lookout for a streak of at least six Reds or Blacks. Instead of explaining it in theory, let me describe the strategy using a few scenarios. The Martingale strategy, dating back to 18th-century France, is a betting approach that involves doubling the bet after each loss with the hope that an eventual win will recover all previous losses. The Reverse Martingale strategy is 0. It seems to be human instinct when one begins his or her gambling career to find yourself thinking of using this system without even. Under the Martingale system, you would then bet $2 on red in the next spin. It is not only used in casinos but also in financial industries. For example: if you place an initial bet of $2 and win then you will bet $2 again next time. You then double your wager and bet 2 USDT on red in the next round. Martingale System – Probably the most commonly used technique in roulette is the Martingale strategy. Whenever you lose in roulette, the Martingale Strategy requires you to make your bet bigger than the previous one. Consider the following example. And the longer you play, the larger this chance becomes. Any time you like you can play the game for any time long, just click your bookmark! Our Roulette Simulator is free and immensely realistic. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. At the start of this guide, we listed the top 6 roulette strategies. If the bet wins, you’ve achieved your aim –you have won the original bet amount. The Martingale is a good fit for the even-money bets in roulette, such as red or black, odd or even, or high or low numbers. This strategy will not work on roulette as it gives you lesser returns than the stakes ( i. See the Martingale in action. Anyone following cricket will know that 4 consecutive ‘Not Caught’ is a very rare phenomenon especially if you are betting on English, Aussie and NZ pitches. Let’s say a player starts with $100, and places $1 basic bets on a Straight Up number. That means whichever color you choose, you have a 50/50 chance of winning or losing, which makes the use of the Martingale ideal here. The odds are the same. Some regard it as the best American roulette strategy ever because in theory, it can help you offset any losses. one of the well-kno wn strategies of roulette, the b et-doubling, or Martingale strategy as our example for the simulation mo del. You start by wagering the lowest amount of money possible on one of the even bets. It is often referred to as the Martingale System Roulette or the Grand Martingale System. It is well-suited for players who prefer to avoid taking big risks. What is the best roulette strategy? There’s no single best roulette strategy that will help you win. By doing this, you hope to recoup your losses on your next winning bet. The roulette Martingale system is supposed to be used on what are referred to as ‘even-money bets’ e. CC sa 3. Maximum cash. Martingale Roulette strategy. 👋🏻 Hey guys! In today's video, I explain how the Martingale strategy in roulette. The math works; eventually, you win back all you have lost and your original stake. When a winning bet takes place, you are guaranteed to recover all your losses plus your initial bet. Tom Crawford discussing roulette and gambling with a famed strategy. Roulette odds. Gamblers love the idea of luck or fate and are often suckered by the notion of a system that can defeat the casino and beat the house. An Example Of A Roulette Anti-Martingale Strategy. You wager $20 on green. The 2/3 System. Neither of these strategies are better than simply playing once and going all-in which is 0. Roulette players using the Martingale strategy lookout for a streak of at least six Reds or Blacks. You bet ₹40 and lose. The game of roulette has more potential strategies than any other casino game. After all, your chances of winning at the roulette are 50:50, so you will win sooner or later. In so-called roulette strategy, by far the most popular betting system is the Martingale – a system based on playing even money bets and doubling after losses. chances of winning) and if you lose you bet 2 $, then 4 $, then. It is also a popular sports betting strategy which is simple to employ as opposed to others which may take years to perfect. Strategy principles The classic martingale is one of the oldest and most used betting systems for the simplicity of its strategy. . Another strategy is the Reverse Martingale strategy, which involves decreasing your bet after each win and increasing it after each loss. It’s good for games with nearly 50/50 odds, so online roulette is a perfect way to go. Outcome of the spin: red. Over the years since, many people have developed different systems and strategies to use while they play. R. That's why this strategy is much safer. The Martingale system is very simple. There are 38 numbers on a roulette wheel: 1-36, and then 0 and 00, which are both green (neither red nor black). Do you recommend a strategy to overcome this, such as initially making large bets as a percentage of deposit. This is with a $1000 bank roll and $5 per bet system in place. com. Theoretically, you have close to a 50% chance of winning and 50% chance of losing an outside bet, red/black bet, or. You wouldn't even need to bet on red or black. You see, while betting red or black gives you a nearly 50/50. A popular variant is the American roulette with two zeros which makes your odds of winning lower. Play roulette using the martingale for an hour and there is an 80% chance you’ll win money. It’s more widely used in roulette because it works best when you can bet on 50/50 odds or as close to them as you can. The strategy follows the [Martingale System]. The system is effective at providing a series of small wins. This simple method of gameplay is accomplished by increasing and decreasing bets based by one, which is much safer than doubling. 3. This Roulette Strategy works strongly because of the patterns and streaks that occur during the game of Roulette. How It Works: The Martingale system, when broken down, is basically about covering your backside. The martingale uses the red or black bets exclusively. For example, starting with $1000 and a starting bet of $5, you've got about an 80% chance of turning a profit after one hour at craps or roulette, with an average win of about $100. g. The Martingale strategy is arguably the best-known progressive betting system used in roulette. The Martingale roulette strategy is a betting system that sees players recover their losses. 47%, and it happened twice within 16 spins. The Martingale betting system increases your chances of winning in the short term. However, here are the most popular roulette strategies explained: Martingale. It’s a deviously simple. The Martingale Strategy. It’s barely a roulette system as it can be applied to almost any table game. Beyond the odds, a strategy of betting on red or black in Roulette aims to decrease the margin of loss. The Martingale roulette strategy originated from necessity. What I often saw when I researched the James Bond Roulette strategy is that it is sometimes combined with the Martingale betting system. I have tried this method a few times on the computer and I. The number 17, for example, has been the centre of some massive historical wins, so one might say this is a lucky number to bet on. Read on to find out more. If you win, then you will recover the money you lost on the previous round and win a little extra. Martingale is a simple double up betting system that originated in France sometime in the 18th century. The player will initially place a small unit bet such as $2. For example, you could bet on red or black, odd or even, or the 1-18 or 19-36 number groups at almost 50/50. Round Bet size Outcome Profit; 1: $10: Loss-$10: 2: $20: Loss-$30: 3: $40: Win: $80: 4: $10: Win: $110: Try the Fibonacci Dozens System for Roulette. The virtual roulette is also instantly available online for 247. It is relatively common in games with a low house edge, such as roulette, craps, and blackjack. The Martingale system is the best roulette strategy for dozens. The concept of the D’Alembert method is quite similar to the well-known Martingale strategy, although the progression that it’s based on is a lot flatter – and that goes. Over 30 bets of roulette, the average win has been calculated to be $74 on European Roulette with the Surrender rule in play, with an average loss of $463. Additionally, even money bets have a 1:1 payout and therefore work best with this system. When playing the American Roulette game (with two zeros), this figure is slightly reduced to 89. How to Perform the Reverse Martingale Strategy. Like all roulette strategies out there, the Reverse Martingale has its fair share of weaknesses, as there is a relatively high risk involved and it offers no prospect for long-term winnings. If the heads came up the player won and lost when the tails come up. This means that you will. Take your pick: When using this system you’ll start with a set number of wins you’d like to achieve in a row when betting on red/black. There wouldn't be a point in rigging them when the martingale is guaranteed to lose regardless. The system has been used since the XVIII century and was introduced as a roulette strategy. Double it in the. One of the most famous and widely used Roulette strategies – the Martingale system – is a great example of a progressive strategy. Compared to inside bets, they have the maximum odds of winning (close to 50%), but also the smallest payout. The sequence is as follows: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, and so on. Unlike skills-based games such as poker, one of the major appeals of the roulette wheel is that it is truly a game of chance. Now, this strategy relies on the idea that you must win eventually. The distribution of the maximum amount of cash held by the player at any given time during the game shows. Simply put, you don’t hold back when you lose; you do the opposite. With just 6 chips per round, you can potentially cover up to 17 numbers, making it an attractive option for players looking for a conservative approach. For example, if you’re playing roulette, bet $10 on red, and lose, you’d bet $20 on the next spin to. The result is random every time, so after you run it, you can run it again and get. Before you play, decide on a set amount of money to act as a unit, for example $1. 3% chance of success. The main advantages of the Reverse Martingale system over not using a betting strategy is the low amount of cash required at the start and a higher average amount of cash at the end – if the player keeps winning. Most people use the Martingale on the even chance bets where it’s known as the “double up method. The reverse Martingale, as I’m going to describe now does the exact opposite. If we win, great. Dozen Strategy. Your chance of losing 6 in a row is (20/38) 6, roughly 2. You keep betting that. However, it’s still one of the best because it guarantees wins!THE Martingale Strategy (not to be confused with my Espresso Martini strategy in the North End) is one of the most well-known and widely used roulette strategies. The two main strategies that you can use for the Dozens and Columns are covered on our page on the Martingale Roulette Strategy but there’s so many sequences covered there for various parts of the wheel that it can be overwhelming, so we shall cover it again here on its own. The Martingale strategy is a betting system that is commonly used in casino games, especially in games where the outcome is either win or lose, such as roulette, blackjack, and baccarat. Yet the Paroli roulette system continues to be used by players looking. The martingale strategy has also been applied to roulette, as the probability of hitting either red or black is close to 50%. So after some number of losses (let's say k k losses), the next wager will be n*2^ {k} n ∗ 2k. The Golden Eagle Roulette Strategy is a betting system that aims to maximize your chances of winning at the roulette table. Here is the actual math, using the numbers from your example: Your chance of the losing any of the "50/50" roulette bets is 20/38, roughly 52. We will also explore the pros and cons, so you can judge for yourself if it’s the best online roulette strategy for you. The roots of the Martingale strategy take from the time of the birth of the casino (roulette in particular) and bookmaker bets. 10 a spin. The Martingale Approach. For example, initially your stake is c1 = 1. Martingale trading strategy backtest. Martingale suggests that you double your bet after every loss. 1. If you win. For instance if he brings $30 to win $10, martingaling $10 then $20 gives him a 1- (10/19)² = 72. See the Martingale in action. Take the following example in. The idea is simple – start betting a set amount on any bet that offers a 1:1 payout (Low or High, Red or Black or Odd or Even) and continue to bet the same amount every time the bet wins. When this happens, double the size of your bet (2€) for the next spin. To operate the Reverse Martingale betting system, you need to target the bets with odds or returns closest to evens, such as red or black on roulette or the game of blackjack. The martingale system is a popula r betting strategy in roulette: E ach time a gambler loses a bet, he doubles his next bet, so that th e eventual win leaves him with prof it equal to his original. However, this approach has a huge drawback—short-term mindedness. With how many different betting options there are when playing roulette, there are a fair amount of different strategies and tips you can follow to help you win. We start by betting 1$. And the idea is quite simple. While it has proven weaknesses. Set a dollar amount you will walk with before enter the casino. 1. The idea behind this roulette strategy is really simple: you bet a double amount of money every time you lose. The important thing to know about Martingale is that it doesn’t increase your odds of winning. The Fibonacci strategy works by betting the same amount as the number you’re on in the mathematical sequence of 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144. It is also one of the easiest to learn, as there are no complicated calculations involved. The Martingale betting system is easy and simple to use. To make this strategy a bit clearer, here’s a simple example of what the Reverse Martingale roulette strategy might look like in action. Another system many players use when they hope (in vain) to beat roulette is the Grand Martingale, a (pricey) variant of the regular Martingale roulette system. Most roulette strategies are based around telling players how they should bet and when to bet it. While the game is based on chance, strict probabilities are at the core of the game's spinning wheel. You should start your betting at a comfortable amount of money and continue doubling your previous bet. Steps in the Martingale Strategy for Roulette. Martingale in action. Yet, anyone who applies this strategy successfully must have an infinite bankroll. The Strategy. Let’s assume you want to change the strategy so that you employ only 33% of your equity when the 4-day RSI crosses below 30 and you add the rest (66%) when it crosses below 20 (you employ. The Reverse Martingale only works on even money bets because it relies on repetitive wagers, and it is unlikely you will win consecutively on Line, Corners, and Split bets. It’s more widely used in roulette because it works best when you can bet on 50/50 odds or as close to them as you can. The Double-O-Seven strategy was invented by the author of the James Bond movies and it requires you to. Nothing can help you make winnings in every single round, but there is a way to tip the scales in your favor, however slightly, and that is done through strategies. Martingale Strategy for Roulette: System Test by Roulette77 Home / Roulette strategies / Martingale Testing and Analyzing Martingale System for. The Constant Bet roulette strategy is not very advanced. When you are using this system, you will need to implement it. The essence of Martingale's betting strategy is to double the bets in case of a loss. The theory behind the Martingale strategy is easily explained: Assuming there is 1 piece played on. This might be 3, 4 or 5 wins in a row –you’ll want to set a realistic number. Martingale Roulette Strategy. When playing the classic European Roulette game (single zero), you have a 91. It might initially. There is a well-known strategy called the martingale strategy saying that you double your stake every time a loss is faced. 64%. Then, Frank bets $80 on his third bet. Paul Wilson On: Why The Martingale System Doesn’t Work. As a negative progression system, the Martingale involves increasing. It is a common thing with all betting systems. Similar to the Fibonacci and Labouchere, the Martingale system is a negative progression system. The automated trading system works. Scenario 1. The Fibonacci System. Markets are not as simple as betting on a roulette table. Grand Martingale Roulette Strategy. The Fibonacci roulette strategy is based on the famous Fibonacci numbers – a sequence of numbers that is the sum of the two numbers before it. One of the advantages of the Martingale roulette system is that it’s incredibly easy to understand.